Sandfly frequency in a clean and well-organized rural environment in the state of Paraná, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Sandflies caught in Santa Juliana Farm in Sarandi, State of Paraná, Brazil, were assessed in terms of their fauna, seasonality, and frequency in the homes and in shelters of domestic animals around the homes, as well as in the nearby forest. METHODS: In Santa Juliana Farm, there are no records of cases of ACL, differing from other relatively clean and organized areas where surveys of sandflies have been conducted in Paraná. Samples were collected with Falcão light traps, fortnightly from 22:00 to 02:00 hours, from November 2007 to November 2008. RESULTS: A total of 4,506 sandflies were captured, representing 13 species, predominantly Nyssomyia whitmani (71.8%). More sandflies were collected in the forest (52.6%) than outside the forest (residences and pigsty) (47.4%). However, Ny. whitmani was collected in greater numbers outside (38.3%) than inside the forest (33.5%). Most sandflies were collected in the warmer months and during periods with regular rainfall. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cleaning and organization around the houses could reduce sandfly population in peridomicile. Constructing shelters for animal at a distance of approximately 100m from domiciles is recommended to prevent the invasion of sandflies, as this farm has an area of preserved forest, with wild animals and sandflies present to maintain the enzootic cycle of Leishmania.

Sandfly frequency in a clean and well-organized rural environment in the state of Paraná, Brazil / Frequência de flebotomíneos em ambiente rural com boas condições de limpeza e organização, no estado do Paraná, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: Sandflies caught in Santa Juliana Farm in Sarandi, State of Paraná, Brazil, were assessed in terms of their fauna, seasonality, and frequency in the homes and in shelters of domestic animals around the homes, as well as in the nearby forest. METHODS: In Santa Juliana Farm, there are no records of cases of ACL, differing from other relatively clean and organized areas where surveys of sandflies have been conducted in Paraná. Samples were collected with Falcão light traps, fortnightly from 22:00 to 02:00 hours, from November 2007 to November 2008. RESULTS: A total of 4,506 sandflies were captured, representing 13 species, predominantly Nyssomyia whitmani (71.8 percent). More sandflies were collected in the forest (52.6 percent) than outside the forest (residences and pigsty) (47.4 percent). However, Ny. whitmani was collected in greater numbers outside (38.3 percent) than inside the forest (33.5 percent). Most sandflies were collected in the warmer months and during periods with regular rainfall. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cleaning and organization around the houses could reduce sandfly population in peridomicile. Constructing shelters for animal at a distance of approximately 100m from domiciles is recommended to prevent the invasion of sandflies, as this farm has an area of preserved forest, with wild animals and sandflies present to maintain the enzootic cycle of Leishmania.

INTRODUÇÃO: Relatam-se os resultados de coletas de flebotomíneos na Fazenda Santa Juliana, município de Sarandi, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, onde se verificou a fauna, a sazonalidade e a frequência desses insetos nos ambientes florestal e extraflorestal. MÉTODOS: O trabalho foi realizado nesta fazenda pela inexistência de registro de casos de LTA e por diferir de outras áreas onde foram realizadas pesquisas com flebotomíneos, no Paraná, e pela limpeza e organização do peridomicílio. As coletas foram realizadas com sete armadilhas luminosas de Falcão, quinzenalmente das 22 às 2 horas, de novembro de 2007 a novembro de 2008. RESULTADOS: Foram capturados 4.506 flebotomíneos de 13 espécies, com predomínio de Nyssomyia whitmani (71,8 por cento). Coletou-se maior proporção de flebotomíneos no ambiente florestal (52,6 por cento) do que no extraflorestal (residências e chiqueiro) (47,4 por cento), entretanto a proporção de Ny. whitmani coletada foi maior no ambiente extraflorestal (38,3 por cento) do que no florestal (33,5 por cento). A maioria dos flebotomíneos foi coletada nos meses mais quentes e com quedas regulares de chuva. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a limpeza e a organização do peridomicílio podem auxiliar a reduzir a população de flebotomíneos no domicílio e no peridomicílio, recomendando-se que a construção de abrigos de animais guarde a distância aproximada de 100m das residências, para evitar a invasão desses insetos, uma vez que nesta fazenda existe uma área de mata de preservação, com a presença de animais silvestres e flebotomíneos, que mantem o ciclo enzoótico de Leishmania.

Flebotomíneos de localidades rurais no noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Sandflies in rural localities in northwest Paraná State, Brazil

Relatam-se os resultados de coletas de flebotomíneos em seis lotes na zona rural no Município de Japurá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, mostrando a presença de flebotomíneos no domicílio, peridomicílio e em matas residuais. As coletas de flebotomíneos foram realizadas com armadilhas de Falcão, das 20:00h às 03:00h. Nos lotes 195, 223, 236 e 527 foram feitas três coletas em diferentes períodos, de dezembro de 2007 a janeiro de 2009. Nos lotes 175 e 218, as coletas foram feitas de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. Coletaram-se 8.453 flebotomíneos, com uma média horária (MH) de 155,40 exemplares. Nyssomyia neivai foi a espécie dominante. A maioria dos flebotomíneos foi coletada em abrigos de animais domésticos (MH = 75,91) e nas matas ciliares (MH = 38,45), nos meses mais quentes e chuvosos, num ambiente peridomiciliar com acúmulo de matéria orgânicas e descarte inadequado de águas de uso doméstico, o que mostra a necessidade da limpeza regular do peridomicílio e do afastamento dos abrigos de animais domésticos das residências.

This study reports the results from sandfly captures at six sites in a rural area of Japurá, Paraná State, Brazil, showing the vector's presence indoors, outdoors, and in residual forest. Sandfly captures were performed with Falcão traps from 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM. At sites 195, 223, 236, and 527, three captures were performed at different times from December 2007 to January 2009. At sites 175 and 218, captures were performed from January to December 2008. 8,453 sandflies were captured, with an average of 155.40 specimens per hour. Nyssomyia neivai was the predominant species. Most sandflies were captured in domestic animal shelters (75.91 per hour) and in ciliary forest (38.45 per hour) during the hottest and rainiest months, in the outdoor environment with accumulation of organic matter and inadequate disposal of household wastewater. The study emphasizes the need for regular outdoor cleaning around households and building domestic animal shelters far from residences.

[Sandflies in rural localities in northwest Paraná State, Brazil]. / Flebotomíneos de localidades rurais no noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil.

This study reports the results from sandfly captures at six sites in a rural area of Japurá, Paraná State, Brazil, showing the vector's presence indoors, outdoors, and in residual forest. Sandfly captures were performed with Falcão traps from 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM. At sites 195, 223, 236, and 527, three captures were performed at different times from December 2007 to January 2009. At sites 175 and 218, captures were performed from January to December 2008. 8,453 sandflies were captured, with an average of 155.40 specimens per hour. Nyssomyia neivai was the predominant species. Most sandflies were captured in domestic animal shelters (75.91 per hour) and in ciliary forest (38.45 per hour) during the hottest and rainiest months, in the outdoor environment with accumulation of organic matter and inadequate disposal of household wastewater. The study emphasizes the need for regular outdoor cleaning around households and building domestic animal shelters far from residences.

Natural infection of Nyssomyia neivai by Leishmania (Viannia) spp. in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Natural sandfly infection by Leishmania spp. in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis was analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sandflies were captured using Falcão light traps in an endemic area of the municipality of Doutor Camargo during March, April, and June 2008. In total, 1803 females were analyzed; 1755 were Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) and 48 were Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho). Multiplex PCR analyses using MP3H-MP1L and 5Llcac-3Llcac primers showed the presence of Leishmania (Viannia) spp. in 4/181 pools of sandflies, all Ny. neivai, that is, a minimal infection rate of 0.22%. This study showed, for the first time, the presence of DNA of Leishmania (Viannia) spp. in Ny. neivai. This suggests the existence of natural infection by Leishmania (Viannia) spp. in Ny. neivai in the state of Paraná. Multiplex PCR is an important tool in the detection of Leishmania infection in sandflies.